All this is true and simplification doesn't necessarily give good answers. But for want of a simple answer...
Carbon is better.
Think of the typical uses for each of the fibres. Kevlar is used in flack jackets. Carbon in structural components of formula 1 cars. The fibres in Kevlar resist parting more than the other fibres so are much better for (not) being spiked. So maybe a better choice for flatwater racing over fence star pickets and the like.
Carbon will hold more tensile force and should be more rigid than glass or kevlar. All other things being equal carbon will flex less and the ski will hold it's shape better.
As mentioned, the start for lighter but no impact to strength is pre-peg and vacuum techniques. Glass can be fabulous and quite light in this case. And sometimes racing versions of carbon skis have chased weight reduction so excessively they can have strength problems. This isn't the fault of the fibre.