The main drag on my roof comes from the roof rack not the ski in my case. With the ski on the rack I actually feel some improvement in drag
With the somewhat underpowered hybrids that I've been driving lately I can really feel the difference with and without a roof rack. My roof rack adds about 25% fuel consumption penalty at moderate highway speeds (65 or so mph). E.g. instead of getting about 50 miles per gallon I get down to 40 or so. The "imperially challenged" can do their own conversion, he-he, but I gather 50mpg equates to something like 4.8 liters per 100 km (roughly). Or eaquivalently, to maintain close to 50 mpg (e.g. ,the same resistance as without the roof rack), I need to drive about 10-15mph slower with the ski/rack than without them.
How do I know? My car has a fairly accurate consumption monitor and I've been tracking my real mileage/consumption at the pump enough to be comfortable with the car computer's estimate to within 2% of reality on average.
After I have the rack installed, adding the ski does not seem to make much of a difference, except I get less wind noise than with the rack alone so it's got to be good to have it on...