As you would know VO2 max is only a small component of the whole picture and one that I have personally never bothered to get tested for in any of my sports that I have been a serious competitor in. My thoughts were/are, if I get a good result in my VO2 max test, it doesn't mean I'm going to win the race. If I get a bad result in my test, it means I'm definitely not going to win the race, so I've always chosen to ignore testing for it.
For kayaking in a moving world, it can be hard to gage increased performance unless you have access to a flat water area where you can time trial on still days, impractical for most of us.
What I do is have a running spreadsheet where for every single paddle I do, I record the kayak, the paddle, venue, Odo, moving time, moving avg, max speed, wind direction and strength, HR avg, HR max, then each workout is color coded as per if its a sprint, anerobic threshold, anerobic capacity, endurance, group paddle or a race. Then over a period of time for example a couple of months a year ago to the last couple of months I can add the totals of say 10 similar workouts, devide by 10 to get the average and see for myself what the improvements are that I have made, otherwise it can be very difficult and perhaps discouraging to feel you are making no progress what so ever.
Also important is to record how you felt during a period of training from day to day of if the HR levels were not where they should have been. This system has helped me identify what I was doing in a period before I burnt myself out a year ago, this I can review and make adjustments so I don't make the same mistakes again and can identify when I need to step back and take a few days rest before building up for say the next 5-6 weeks before my next scheduled break. Its easy early on in a training period to feel great and gung ho with the resulting accumulation of good training results eventually leading to an accumulation of tiredness and flatter performances, this is what I try to avoid by nipping it in the bud before it gets chronic, ie burn out. I now try to train smarter with the benefit of my training experience all recorded in front of me for review when I need it.